Closing the Loop with Intensity‑Based Estimation for Pre‑Compensated Optical Ground‑to‑Satellite Links : Simulation and First Experimental Results.

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This intensity-based estimation approach reconstructs uplink phase errors caused by point-ahead angular anisoplanatism in adaptive optics systems. By integrating downlink intensity and phase measurements with statistical turbulence models, it significantly reduces beam wander and deep fading events. Experimental results validate its superior performance compared to phase-only reconstruction for reliable ground-to-satellite links.